Sanchin Kata:
This is the oldest kata in karate-do. Loosely translated Sanchin means "three points" or "three phases," a reference to the fact that Sanchin seeks to develop three elements at a time.
1. The mind, the body, and the techniques.
2. The internal organs, the blood circulation and th nervous system.
3. And the three Ki located in
--the top of the head (tento)
--the diaphragm (hara)
--and the lower abdomen (tanden)
Sanchin is an isometric kata where each motion is performed in a state of complete tension accompanied by powerful, deep breathing. It is aimed at strengthening the muscles and developing of the inner power (Ki) and to the coordination of mind and body. It teaches basic footwork, basic hand techniques and basic blocking techniques.
Tsuki No Kata:
Means fortune and luck. Good fortune does not come simply by waiting. Each time we punch, in this kata, we should imagine that we are breaking down some barrier. Strong, persistent effort directed at or problems will bring us good fortune.
Tensho:
Means rolling hand or fluid hand. Refer also to the "three points" mentioned in Sanchin Kata.
Seienchin:
Samurai warriors would go on expeditions lasting months or longer. They needed to maintain their strength and spirit over long periods of time. This kata is long and slow, with many movements performed from the kiba dachi stance. Often the legs become painfully tired, and the importance of maintaining Strong spirit becomes clearly evident.
Bo Kata Chion:
Means sound knowledge. Sound knowledge of each movement and technique is the first step toward performing kata properly. Seeking out sound knowledge is the foundation to achieving any goal you have set for yourself.
Kanku:
This kata is known as the "rising sun". Literally, Kan means good observance and Ku means universe or air or emptiness. The opening move of the kata is forming of a triangle above the head. We form the triangle with our hands, and we lean back and stare through it toward the universe and the rising sun. The significance is that no matter what problem or dilemma you may face, each day the sun rises anew and the universe is before you. Nothing is so terrible that it affects the basic reality of existence. As long as you are here and the sky and the sun are before you, you are never defeated.
Note: The names and meanings of these katas are important. They should not be forgotten or the Kata's name recited perfunctorily at its beginning. Rather, each time you perform a kata you should focus your mind on the principles and knowledge that underlie it.
P.S. From Karate Technique & Spirit Kancho Tadashi Nakamura who awarded my Sho-dan in 1973